Asian employees report feeling the least included of all demographic groups in the workplace, new research from Bain & Co. found.

Only 16% of Asian men and 20% of Asian women said they felt fully included at work. These percentages were below the third-lowest group, Black women, at 22%, according to a Bain survey {snip}

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The Bain research underscores the challenges Asian Americans face at work, particularly in light of ongoing anti-Asian hate and violence.

Asian workers are more likely than any other major racial or ethnic group to hold a professional or managerial job in the Standard & Poor’s 100, fueling the perception that they encounter few obstacles on the corporate ladder, a USA TODAY analysis found. But they are scarce in the senior-most executive ranks of these companies in a phenomenon sometimes called “the bamboo ceiling.”

Among the professional and management ranks of the nation’s top companies, 1 in every 45 white men and 1 in every 60 white women are executives. For Asian managers and professionals, only 1 in every 96 men and 1 in every 124 women hold a top job, according to federal workforce records USA TODAY obtained from 88 companies in the S&P 100.

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They recommended taking into account cultural differences when building recruiting, promotions and performance systems to nurture a sense of belonging for Asian Americans.

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